约会吧男孩

我儿子在文科上比较有天分，在理科上也就一般般。他喜欢阅读，喜欢思考“大”问题，比如乌托邦的设计中不允许有游戏是不好的。跟所有孩子一样，他感兴趣的东西可以过目不忘，还能结合新闻谈点自己对时事的看法。他对历史感兴趣，希望我给他讲故事。他还能写诗，对文字的美有很不错的品味。然而我却不怎么喜欢跟他讲那些，因为我不希望他对文科感兴趣，在我看起来，读文科日后是要饿死的，而且还会因为想太多而不快乐。

然而，今天我看了《The History Boys》（B站有看，中英文字幕，中文译名《历史系男生》）。背景是1986年，约克郡一个小镇上的男校，雄心勃勃的校长想让那届成绩最好的高三学生去考牛津的奖学金，请来了个代课老师做专门针对名校笔试、面试的特训。剧情的冲突有好几条线，腐国男校里常见的同性恋，老师对学生的性骚扰，实用主义的教育和博雅教育之间的矛盾，以及历史和文学本身引发的思考。几条线交织在一起，复杂而不芜杂，深刻而不刻意，伤感而不煽情。让我觉得，学文科还是好的。

我们归根结底还是人啊，在解决了温饱，买上了房子和车子，能出国旅行，能买个名牌包包，能把孩子送进名校之外，我们还是人啊，一个一个，能快乐，会感伤，面对生和死，爱和别离。而那些人性共通的东西，只有最好的人文教育才能激发出来。即使到了世界末日，我们也需要人文教育，那是能把人从苦难中提拔出来的稻草。

【以下有剧透】

我最喜欢的一段，是胖老师Hector在教室里给学生Posner讲Hardy的诗Drummer Hodge。这时Hector刚刚得知自己因为性骚扰学生的丑行而被解雇，失魂落魄地到教室里，却毫无心理准备地遇到等着他讲解诗歌的Posner。Posner充满感情地朗诵这首诗，描述年轻的鼓手从英国乡村出来，没多久就死在南非的战场上，埋在那里，年老的诗人刻画生命的虚掷，充满感伤。念完后，老师似乎还没从被解雇的噩耗中回过神来，敷衍般问学生的感想。学生兴致勃勃地将这首诗对死在异乡的描述和另一首诗比较。而老师这时候才仿佛慢慢找到感觉，告诉他为什么Hardy写得更好，告诉他这首诗的历史背景，告诉他为何诗里的鼓手是有名字的，这名字意味着什么。告诉他为什么要用uncoffined这个词聊描述死者，这个词的意义，这个词传达的情感。老师没有提到一个字关于自己当时的心情，但他显然感染到了他的学生，把他和学生都带到了诗的情感中，然后Hector说了下面这段话：

“The best moments in reading are when you come across something--a thought, a feeling, a way of looking at things--that you'd thought special, particular to you. And here it is, set down by someone else, a person you've never met, maybe someone long dead. And, ... it's as if a hand...has come out... and taken yours."

当说到... it's as if a hand... has come out...，老师伸出手去，像是要递给学生，而学生也正要伸手去接，老师却抽了回来，... and taken yours，他把双手虚握放在了胸口。他是一个性骚扰学生的老师，也是一个了不起的导师，从猥琐到崇高，人性的复杂，表现得淋漓尽致。

Hector和Totti是老派的老师，大量的知识灌进去，孩子们都够聪明，像海绵吸水一样吸收知识，灌多少吸收多少，历史、诗歌、法文...。Irwin却是新派的老师，用电影里孩子的话来说，cutting-edge，逼着孩子去创新，以知识为阶梯去叩问，不满足于复制知识而强迫他们去创新说。这是我看到的最直观的方式表达高中教育和大学教育的区别，或者说传统大学教育和现代大学教育的区别。

我也喜欢他们的小班讨论，讨论大屠杀，讨论历史是什么。老师提问，学生回答，同意不同意都可以，课后去图书馆借一大堆书来，回家一边查书一边写文章支持自己的观点，然后老师批阅他们的文章。这是博雅教育的精华，用一个灵魂去敲击另一个灵魂，认真严肃的思考，我理想中的seminar。

在古迹参观的时候，大家排好队合影，就缺胖老师Hector。他慢慢地走过去，一边走一边说：

"Pass the parcel. That's sometimes all you can do. Take it, feel it, and pass it on. Not for me, not for you. But for someone, somewhere, one day. Pass it on, boys. That's the game I want you to learn. Pass it on."

正好前天吃饭时闲聊，说起我儿子长大干什么。他爸爸希望他做科学家，我说他理科不够好，恐怕够呛。外婆说他可以做诗人，我说不行做诗人会饿死的。外婆说，没关系，妹妹长大了赚钱养哥哥。我们都笑了，我儿子却一言不发。后来他爸爸再三问他，他很严肃地回答：“我要做老师，我要把知识传给后代。” 还特地强调了一句：“我要做小学老师。” 我笑了，因为他幼儿园的时候就说过想做幼儿园老师， 以此类推，说不定上了大学以后就想做大学老师了，似乎也没有离我们对他的期望太远。后来我看到Hector说的这段话，我意识到我才是狭隘的那一个。超越了个人的成败得失，他看到了更深远的东西。That's the game he wants to learn, to pass it on。

浑浑噩噩的熬夜看完由同名话剧改编的影片《历史系男生》。作为一部在伦敦国家剧院票房火爆、风靡百老汇，并一举取得多项托尼奖的话剧，妙语连珠的台词无疑为其叫座叫好立下了汗马功劳。摘抄几句，留个爪印。

1、
As for truths, scripts, forget it.
Knowledge, pursuit it for its own sake.
 
Irwin所倡导的学习历史的方法，反映出东西方教育的本质差异。

对公认的史实，没有任何记诵的必要，因为所有人都知道。学习历史的方法是，选择一个新的角度，用新的方法，新的逻辑来重新观察、挖掘、分析和思考。从同一段历史中，找到不同的地方，这样的研究才具有价值。

Irwin的主张与国人惯常理解的“历史就是死记硬背”完全是背道而驰的。历史是浩瀚宏大的，没有任何人能够真正全面的看得清楚。保持开放的心态，不断的研究；或者盖棺定论，僵化为教条，这便是区别。

背诵，教科书上记录着的唯一真理。对于人文学科，这样的学习方式等同于毁灭。

2、
Take it, feel it and pass it on.

历史的意义在于传承。从一个人，到另外一人，再到另外一些人。从地球上的一个地方到另外一个地方，从线性时间轴的一个时间段到后续的另外一个时间段。文化在重复的被解读着，变化着，传递着，这个就是历史的意义。文化的价值，就是这样靠一个个人传递下去而逐渐积累起来的。

Hector动情的说着，当你读书的时候，与另外一个的人相遇，被他捕获。他抓住了你，你感受到他。这就是文化的传递，需要沉下来，慢下来，用心，去接受。然后，它又会以你的方式传播出去。

在大发展的年代，我们每个人不甘落后的高速奔跑着。文化，正在被忽视和遗失。急功近利的人是浮躁的，To Feel，也许可以是一个很短暂瞬间，但是To Feel，需要把心真正的平静下来。这个传递的过程，光靠互联网上晃几眼八卦新闻是做不到的，努力背几本的教科书或者附庸名家大作也是徒劳。

国人就要成为贫穷得只剩人民币了！

3、
How does histry happen？History is just one fucking thing after another, nothing special, ordinary stuff.

历史由一连串的偶然事件组成，这些偶然最后形成一个结果。像蝴蝶扇动的翅膀，或者王佳芝心里打起的小鼓，这些无法确定的因素共同导致一个结果。无所谓对错，发生了的都叫做必然。而过程当中，任何一项的改变，都可能形成别样的结局。

这个论断中学课本告诉过我，并无新意，不过Hector的教学方式很有新意。虚拟形态——Hector用这样的语句来设想过去的种种可能，以及结果。课堂上的角色扮演应该是很有趣的教学模式，学生可以沉浸到历史里面，享受时空变换的戏剧体验。角色和道具，一连串的事件和选择下来，最后形成历史。

于是更加深刻的体会到，一切存在的种种都是可变的，所以，将来永远都是不确定的！哪怕是半小时以后也是不确定的。只有发生过的偶然才叫做必然，只有过去的才是真正已经确定的东西。

在过去的那么多偶然，那么多巧合，那么多选择之后，才有了今天。
再从今天走向变化莫测的将来，那里还有无数的偶然在等待着发生。
原来，我们的今天竟是如此的珍贵！

我一定会好好珍惜和把握现在的。

Quotations and References: Act One

(Page numbers refer to the 2004 paperback Faber & Faber edition. List compiled by Tudor Economic Documents.)

p5
"All knowledge is precious whether or not it serves the slightest human use." - Hector
A.E. Housman

"Loveliest of trees, the cherry now." - Hector
A Shropshire Lad, A.E. Housman

p6
"Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!" - Hector
Othello, Othello, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2

"I have put before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live." - Hector
Deuteronomy 30:19

p7
"Look up, My Lord."
"Vex not his ghost. O let him pass. He hates him
That would upon the rack of this tough world
Stretch him out longer."
"O, he is gone indeed."
"The wonder is he hath endured so long.
He but usurped this life..."

"...I have a journey sir, shortly to go;
My master calls me, I must not say no." - Hector
"The weight of this sad time we must obey
Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say."
- Edgar (Posner), Kent (Timms/Hector), King Lear, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 3

Hymns Ancient and Modern - a Church of England hymnal.

p9
Renaissance Man - answers.com: "A man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences."

p12
Although the script does not make it clear, Posner here sings the chorus of L'Accordéoniste, a song popularised by Edith Piaf.

p13
La Vie en Rose - 1946 song, Edith Piaf's signature song. (lyrics)

p23
The Catcher in the Rye - a novel by J.D. Salinger.

"Let each child that's in your care-"
"Have as much neurosis as the child can bear." - Hector and Mrs Lintott
W.H. Auden, Letter to Lord Byron

Hecatomb - like holocaust, a word associated with sacrifice. In this sense, 'holocaust' refers to an animal sacrifice by fire.

p24
"...since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, [hecatombs] is the appropriate word." - Dakin
Referring to Wilfred Owen's famous WWI poem, Anthem for a Doomed Youth.

Trench warfare - static lines of defence in war, with each side basing soldiers in trenches as a means of defence.

Haig - Field Marshal Douglas Haig, nicknamed 'Butcher of the Somme', one of the more controversial figures in WWI.

"The humiliation of Germany at Versailles." - refers to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, a formal peace treaty with Germany at the close of WWI. It included that Germany take full responsibility for the war and imposed several restrictions of territorial, military and economic matters.

"Ruhr and the Rhineland." - refers to the Ruhr Crisis. France sent forces to occupy the Ruhr, an area in the north of the Rhineland, in an effort to force Germany to once again make reparation payments, which they stopped in 1923. Britain and the United States did not support this action.

"The collapse of the Weimar Republic" - in the late 1920s and early 1930s, towards the beginning of depression in Germany, the Weimar Republic saw the rise of the popularity of the Nazi party.

p25
The Cenotaph - The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London is where the national ceremony takes place on Remembrance Sunday (11th November, the day hostilities ceased in the First World War).

The Last Post - a bugle call used to commemorate those who have died in war. It is sounded on Remembrance Sunday following the two minutes' silence.

Passchendaele - refers to the 1917 battle of Passchendaele. Dakin is referring to Haig's controversial campaign, in which damage was inflicted to the German Army at great expense to the lives of British troops.

The Somme - refers to the 1916 Battle of the Somme. Exact casualty figures vary, but several hundred thousand were killed in battle, a large proportion of these on the first day. Again, blame was laid upon Haig's leadership.

The Unknown Soldier - the Unknown Soldier is an unidentified soldier killed in battle, buried with full military honours as a symbol of all the unidentified soldiers killed in battle. The British tomb dedicated to the 'Unknown Warrior' is found in London, and contains the body of an unidentified soldier killed in the First World War.

Siegfried Sassoon - an English poet famous for his anti-war poetry.

"If any question why we died,
Tell them because our fathers lied." - Irwin
Common Form, Rudyard Kipling

Rembrandt - Dutch painter, 1606 - 1669.

p27
"Those long uneven lines
Standing as patiently
As if they were stretched outside
The Oval or Villa Park,
The crowns of hats, the sun
On moustached archaic faces
Grinning as if it were all
An August Bank Holiday lark..."

"...Never such innocence,
Never before or since,
As changed itself to past
Without a word--the men
Leaving the gardens tidy,
The thousands of marriages,
Lasting a little while longer:
Never such innocence again." - Scripps, Lockwood, Akthar, Posner, Timms.
MCMXIV, Philip Larkin.

p28
Western Front - the term used in WWI and WWII to describe the frontier between the Allied Forces and Germany.

p29
Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered - 1940s song with lyrics by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rogers. Features in the musical Pal Joey.

p30
"O villainy! Let the door be locked!
Treachery! Seek it out." - Hector
Hamlet, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2

The Trial - a novel by Franz Kafka, about a man arrested and charged with a crime he knows nothing about.

"The person from Porlock" - a reference to the story of the visitor to Coleridge during the writing of Kubla Khan, resulting in the poem's incomplete status.

"Don Giovanni: the Commendatore" - Don Giovanni is an opera by Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte. Il Commendatore is a significant character in the work.

"Behold, I stand at the door and knock." - Scripps
Revelation 3:20

p31
"Did the knights knock at the door of Canterbury before they murdered Beckett?" - Hector
Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury (1162 - 1170) was assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral. He was later canonised in 1173.

Now, Voyager - a 1942 film starring Bette Davis and Paul Henreid, about a woman who falls in love whilst in therapy after a nervous breakdown.

p32
"The untold want by life and land ne'er granted,
Now voyager sail thou forth to seek and find." - Hector
Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman.

p33
The Carry On films - a series of British comedy films, parodies of famous historical and literary events or people. They are famous for their excessive use of double entendres in dialogue and slapstick comedy.

p34
George Orwell - an English author and journalist, who was famous for his political and social commentary in his essays and novels.

p35
Stalin - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Part from 1922 to 1953, effectively becoming a dictator by the late 1920s.

Henry VIII - Second Tudor King of England, reigning from 1491 - 1547. Responsible for the introduction of Protestantism to England.

"Mrs Thatcher" - Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1975-1990. She was the first (and, thus far, only) female Prime Minister in Britain.

Pearl Harbour - the attack on Pearl Harbour took place in 1941, when the Japanese attacked the American naval base at that location. Franklin Roosevelt, the President at the time, delivered the Infamy Speech condemning the attack.

Francis Bacon - English philosopher, knighted by James I in 1603.

p36
"Turner, then, or Ingres." - Irwin
J. M. W. Turner was an English painter in the Romantic movement. Jean Ingres was a French painter working in the 1880s.

"About suffering they were never wrong,
The Old Masters...
how it takes place
While someone else is eating or opening a window..." - Timms
Musée des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden.

p37
"Breaking bread with the dead, sir. That's what we do." - Akthar
- from the statement "Art is breaking bread with the dead", by W. H. Auden.

The Mikado - an opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, first opening in 1885.

"The heart has its reasons of which reason knows nothing."
Pensées, a philosophical work by Blaise Pascal.

p38
"We're not just a hiccup between the end of university and the beginning of life, like Auden are we, sir?" - Lockwood
Auden was a schoolteacher.

"Lay your sleeping head, my love,
Human on my faithless arm." - Dakin
Lullaby, W. H. Auden

"England, you have been here too long,
And the songs you sing are the songs you sung
On a braver day. Now they are wrong." - Lockwood
Voices Against England in the Night, Stevie Smith

Not Waving But Drowning - a poem by Stevie Smith, published in 1957.

p40
Brief Encounter - a 1945 film starring Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard, telling the story of a couple, both married, who meet in a railway station and soon fall in love. This scene takes place at the end of the film, when Laura (Celia Johnson) returns to her husband, rather than the man she has just fallen in love with.

p44
When I Survey the Wondrous Cross - a hymn written by Isaac Watts.

p45
Matins - Early morning or late night prayers, a feature of many Christian denominations.

"A painter of the Umbrian school
Designed upon a gesso ground
The nimbus of the Baptized God.
The wilderness is cracked and browned
But through the water pale and thin
Still shine the unoffending feet
And there above the painter set
The Father and the Paraclete." - Scripps
Mr Eliot's Sunday Morning Service, T. S. Eliot

Piero della Francesca - an Italian Renaissance artist.

p47
Nietzsche - a German philosopher, writing in the 1800s.

p51
"After such knowledge, what forgiveness?" - Hector
Gerontion, T.S. Eliot.

p52
"The tree of man was never quiet:
Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I." - Hector
On Wenlock Edge, A. E. Housman

"To think that two and two are four
And neither five nor three
The heart of man has long been sore
And long 'tis like to be." - Hector
A Shropshire Lad, A. E. Housman

p53
Plato - an ancient Greek philosopher, who wrote about the teachings of Socrates. The notion of Platonic love is found, in one example, in his discussion of the relationship between Socrates and the young Alcibiades.

Michelangelo - Italian Renaissance artist. He is famous focus upon the aesthetic of male beauty and the homoeroticism which may be found in his work.

Oscar Wilde - English playwright and poet of the nineteenth century. He was famously tried and sentenced for his homosexuality.

p54
Rupert Brooke - an English poet, most famous for his First World War poetry. Posner here quotes the opening of his poem The Soldier.

p55
"The Zulu Wars" - a reference to the war between the Zulus and the United Kingdom in the 1870s.

"The Boer War" - refers to either the first or the second Boer wars, fought between the British Empire and the Boer Republics in the late 1800s.

p57
"The words of Mercury are harsh after the songs of Apollo." - Hector
Love's Labour's Lost, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2

---------------------------
以上是quote的quote=)
from: http://www.subjunctive-history.co.uk ,是这部剧的专门网站

    请原谅我先啰嗦《死亡诗社》~

    很多年前在英语课上看的《死亡诗社》，和我天真可爱心灵纯粹的童学们一齐感动得稀里糊涂，头脑一热，回家还找出剧本来读，后来在豆瓣上看见，四星吧（在我看来，四星是最高的星级了）。

      冷风吹至，热情褪却，发现这电影仍脱离不了那商业性的煽情和那一贯夸张的启承转合。这是不是年轻的好处呢？哎呵，当年的年轻人一个个站到课桌上为Keating送别时，旁观的年轻人也早已热泪盈眶了；而今天，两分钟前，趁着午夜临睡前的异常清醒，我调出了《死亡诗社》的页面，将四星改为三星，只留下句“曾经沧海难为水”。

      狼狼推荐看的《11度青春之-老男孩》，网页上的简介是：“梦想万劫不复，青春内牛满面”。我尚未看过《老男孩》，只是突然觉得这句话换个角度，用来形容《死亡诗社》倒是再贴切不过了——梦想万劫不复，青春内牛满面——今日与青春作别，矫情一把，不愿再内牛满面。

      我真的不是来错页面了，罗里啰嗦，就是因为这部《The History Boys》。

      和《死亡诗社》一样的，《The History Boys》讲述的是一群为升入顶级高等学府做功课的年轻人。

      太平实的电影，没有华丽的剧情或演员阵容，唯有演Hector的老头儿有些眼熟。
      太绚烂的电影，灿若莲花的言谈间 莎士比亚的十四行诗信手拈来，灵活多变的课堂上 天马行空的思想刮起风暴。
      太正经的电影，历史、艺术统统为功课让道，文法、诗歌全权向考试低头。
      太浪漫的电影，缠绵悱恻的歌剧传达着我对你的情谊，羞涩爽朗的拥抱是最好的成年礼。

      一点儿也不意外的结尾。原来后面还有一个太过意外的结尾。
      这，才是真的结尾。
      结尾的结尾，却又有一个黑白默片似的结尾。
      可是这次，好像又不是真的结尾了。

       一直规规矩矩的电影，一反此时此刻的结局，以一种看似嘲弄的眼神盯着我们：嘿，年轻人，这就是人生。（Rudge不是小大人般的说”History is just one fucking thing after another“吗？一乐。）

       电影用欣赏的口吻讲述着这些努力着的、迷惘着的、颓唐着的、纠缠着的年轻人的故事，为Oxford和Cambridge做准备的过程牵动着几多人心啊。命运，你又是否为每个人准备好了一个happy ending 呢？
      对于这个问题，《死亡诗社》戛然而止了，或许，它的立意太高远、太深长，已经不屑于回答这个问题了。
      《The History Boys》也戛然而止了：倾倒的机车像丢弃在路旁的垃圾一般，支离破碎。伴送年轻人离开学园的，不是满载祝福和希冀的欢歌，而是一曲悠扬的“Bye,bye,blackbird"，哀而不伤，可谓至此。
 
      所以，这部电影，永远不会让我内牛满面。我反倒常不经意的笑场：在Cripps喷饭的笑容中、在Dorothy帅气的谈吐中、在Ponser清澈的眼神中、在Hector的不拘一格中、在Rudge口齿不清的谬论中、在Irwin的保守和洒脱中……
      不胜枚举的细节，有如蜡炬燃烧时一点一滴流下的滚烫泪珠，铸成了一个堪称完美的故事。

      没有一枝独秀的Keating（朋友曾感叹几世福分才能修来一个这样的老师，现在想来那时的我们真可爱呀），Dorthy、Hector、Irwin都是中规中矩的英国教育体制下普通普通再普通的教师，可谁能否认有这样一个组合的老师不也是一种幸运呢？

      《死亡诗社》告诉我们：一个不寻常的老师带领一群无知的学生做不寻常的事情。

      《The History Boys》告诉我们：一群寻常的老师带领一群有所知有所不知的学生做一件寻常的事情。

      孰优孰劣，无从分辨。我只知道，我会一直为《The History Boys》情不自禁的笑出声来，却再也不会为《死亡诗社》内牛满面了。

      不走寻常路，你将无路可走。
      ——随着《死亡诗社》中的Keatingl老师激动一把，实乃误人子弟、谋财害命耳。

      走好寻常路，你将不再寻常。
      ——伴着《The history boys》的课本论文考试中规中矩一次，迎接我们的是无悔的青春、无限的人生。
 
      这次，真的结尾了，悠扬清朗的歌声再度响起：
      Bewitched, bothered and bewildered~
      am I……



P.S.题外题内的话：

      恰同学少年，
      风华正茂；
      书生意气，
      挥斥方遒。

      指点江山，
      激扬文字，
      粪土当年万户侯。
      曾记否，
      到中流击水，
      浪遏飞舟？
      
      数风流人物，
      还看今朝。

考据癖如我找了找片中提到的诗歌。
原诗在前，网上能找到的中文译本放在后面。这几首里我最喜欢是《鼓手霍奇》。

[No.1] 眠歌- []Lullaby

By W.H.Auden

Lay your sleeping head, my love,
Human on my faithless arm;
Time and fevers burn away
Individual beauty from
Thoughtful children, and the grave
Proves the child ephemeral:
But in my arms till break of day
Let the living creature lie,
Mortal, guilty, but to me
The entirely beautiful.

Soul and body have no bounds:
To lovers as they lie upon
Her tolerant enchanted slope
In their ordinary swoon,
Grave the vision Venus sends
Of supernatural sympathy,
Universal love and hope;
While an abstract insight wakes
Among the glaciers and the rocks
The hermit's carnal ecstasy.

Certainty, fidelity
On the stroke of midnight pass
Like vibrations of a bell
And fashionable madmen raise
Their pedantic boring cry:
Every farthing cost,
All the dreaded cards foretell,
Shall be paid, but from this night
Not a whisper, not a thought,
Not a kiss nor look be lost.

Beauty, midnight, vision dies:
Let the winds of dawn that blow
Softly round your dreaming head
Such a day of welcome show
Eye and knocking heart may bless,
Find our mortal world enough;
Noons of dryness find you fed
By the involuntary powers,
Nights of insult let you pass
Watched by every human love.

　摇篮曲

　　薛舟 译

放下你沉睡的头，我的爱，
在我背叛的臂弯里：
时间和热病烧掉了
个体的美丽，从
沉思的孩子身上，坟墓
证明那孩子的短命：
但在破晓之前，先让仅存的生者
躺在我的臂弯，
平凡、有罪，对我来说
却是彻底的美丽。

爱人们的灵魂和肉体没有界限：
当他们躺在
惯常的陶醉中那
被施以魔法的宽容的斜坡，
铭记下维纳斯送来
超自然的同情心、
以及普遍的爱和希望的幻象；
当一个抽象的顿悟
从冰河与岩石中
唤醒隐士世俗的狂热。

确定性，和忠诚
在午夜钟声的敲打中走开
像一个铃铛在颤动
时髦的疯子提高了
他们书生气的烦人的喊叫：
损失掉的每一法寻都要被偿还。
所有恐怖的纸牌的预言都要得到兑现。
但不是从这个夜晚
也不是一声耳语，一个想法
不是一个吻，更不是错过的一瞥。

美、午夜、幻象都将死去：
就让黎明的风吹着
轻柔地环绕你做梦的头
这样受欢迎的一天显示出
眼睛和搏动的心脏或许在祝福，
发现我们平凡的世界已经足够；
干燥的正午你已经被喂饱
被一种不经意的力量，
凌辱之夜允许你通过
在每一对世间爱人的注视下。
 

　



[No.2] 美术馆- []Musée des Beaux Arts

By W. H. Auden

About suffering they were never wrong,
The Old Masters; how well, they understood
Its human position; how it takes place
While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;
How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting
For the miraculous birth, there always must be
Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating
On a pond at the edge of the wood:
They never forgot
That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course
Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot
Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse
Scratches its innocent behind on a tree.

In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away
Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may
Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry,
But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone
As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green
Water; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen
Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,
had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.

美术馆

查良铮 译

关于苦难他们总是很清楚的，
这些古典画家：他们多么深知它在
人心中的地位，深知痛苦会产生，
当别人在吃，在开窗，或正作着无聊的散步的时候；
深知当老年人热烈地、虔敬地等候
神异的降生时，总会有些孩子
并不特别想要他出现，而却在
树林边沿的池塘上溜着冰。
他们从不忘记：
即使悲惨的殉道也终归会完结
在一个角落，乱糟糟的地方，
在那里狗继续过着狗的生涯，而迫害者的马
把无知的臀部在树上摩擦。

在勃鲁盖尔的《伊卡鲁斯》里，比如说；
一切是多么安闲地从那桩灾难转过脸：
农夫或许听到了堕水的声音和那绝望的呼喊，
但对于他，那不是了不得的失败；
太阳依旧照着白腿落进绿波里；
那华贵而精巧的船必曾看见
一件怪事，从天上掉下一个男孩，
但它有某地要去，仍静静地航行。

美术馆

余光中 译

说到苦难，他们从未看错，
古代那些大师：他们深切体认
苦难在人世的地位；当苦难降临，
别人总是在进食或开窗或仅仅默然走过；
当长者正虔诚地、热烈地等，
等奇迹降临，总有孩子们
不特别期待它发生，正巧
在林边的池塘上溜冰：
大师们从不忘记
即使可怖的殉道也必须在一隅
独自进行，在杂乱的一隅
一任狗照常过狗的日子，酷吏的马匹
向一颗树干摩擦无辜的后臀。

例如布鲁果的《伊卡瑞斯》，众人
都悠然不顾那劫难，那农夫可能
听见了水波溅洒，呼救无望，
但是不当它是惨重的牺牲；阳光灿照，
不会不照见白净的双腿没入碧湛
的海波；那豪华优雅的海舟必然看见
一幕奇景，一童子自天而降，
却有路要赶，仍安详地向前航行。
 

ABOUT THE POEM:

meaning:
The basic premise of the poem is response to tragedy, or as the song goes "Obla Di, Obla Da, Life Goes On." The title refers to the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels. Auden visited the museum in 1938 and viewed the painting by Brueghel, which the poem is basically about. Generalizing at first, and then going into specifics the poem theme is the apathy with which humans view individual suffering.
    Auden wrote that "In so far as poetry, or any of the arts, can be said to have an ulterior purpose, it is, by telling the truth, to disenchant and disintoxicate."
The poem juxtaposes ordinary events and exraordinary ones, although extraordinary events seem to deflate to everyday ones with his descriptions. Life goes on while a "miraculous birth occurs", but also while "the disaster" of Icarus's death happens.

background info:
For those cultural barbarians who don't know the story of Icarus, here it is, in condensed form. Icarus was a Greek mythological figure, also known as the son of Daedalus (famous for the Labyrinth of Crete). Now Icarus and his dad were stuck in Crete, because the King of Crete wouldn't let them leave. Daedalus made some wings for the both of them and gave his son instruction on how to fly (not too close to the sea, the water will soak the wings, and not too close to the sky, the sun will melt them). Icarus, however, appeared to be obstinate and did fly to close to the sun. This caused the wax that held his wings to his body to melt. Icarus crashed into the sea and died.

hints:
Some have even claimed to find hints of Auden's eventual reconversion to Christiantiy in the poem. Richard Johnson, author of "Man's Place: An Essay on Auden", believes there is a touch of Christian awareness in the poem, especially the timeline. The reader of the poem is placed in front of the Breughel painting in a museum, and at the same time is expected to project those images and truths to the world outside. There is also a sort of continuity through the poem as you read it and are allowed to see what the poet means. This allows a reader to become aware of his human position.
    The poem first discusses a "miraculous birth", and at the end "the tragedy" of a death. The theme in the poem is human suffering. If you add these things together, and stir really well you might even get some hints at religion, mainly at Christianity
    Also, the poem suggest a religious acceptance of suffering (example: eating your morning breakfast while watching coverage of a serious trainwreck on CNN). Religious acceptance basically means coming to terms with the ways of the world.




[No.3] 西罗普郡少年- []A SHROPSHIRE LAD

XXXI. "On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble..."

by A. E. Housman (1859-1936)
On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble;
His forest fleece the Wrekin heaves;
The gale, it plies the saplings double,
And thick on Severn snow the leaves.

'Twould blow like this through holt and hanger
When Uricon the city stood:
'Tis the old wind in the old anger,
But then it threshed another wood.

Then, 'twas before my time, the Roman
At yonder heaving hill would stare:
The blood that warms as English yeoman,
The thoughts that hurt him, they were there.

There, like the wind through woods in riot,
Through him the gale of life blew high;
The tree of man was never quiet:
Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I.

The gale, it plies the saplings double,
It blows so hard, 'twill soon be gone:
To-day the Roman and his trouble
Are ashes under Uricon.

               

A.E.Housman简介：

Alfred Edward Housman was born in a village in rural Shropshire, England in 1859. As a student at Oxford, he distinguished himself as a promising scholar of classics, though crises of a personal nature caused him to fail his final exams. Housman was determined to overcome this failing. When not working at the British Patent office Housman wrote scholarly articles, and published many of them to very high regard from those in academic circles. He was invited to teach at the University of London as a professor of Latin, and soon stepped up to Cambridge University, to retire to the life of a shy academic. He published only two volumes of poetry --A Shropshire Lad in 1898 and Last Poems in 1922 -- yet these were instantly and enormously popular. However successful he was, the tone of his poems remained that of the Latin poets he admired: that life is short and often, inexplicably, comes to a bad end.
         

另外，八十多年前郁达夫也曾提到过A Shropshire Lad：

   啊呵，去年六月在灯火繁华的上海市外，在车马喧嚷的黄浦江边，我一边念着Housman的A Shropshire Lad里的
    Come you home a hero
    Or come not home at all，
    The lads you leave will mind You
    Till Ludlow tower shall fall

  几句清诗， 一边呆呆的看着江中黝黑混浊的流水，曾经发了几多的叹声，滴了几多的眼泪。你若知道我那时候的绝望的情怀，我想你去年的那几封微有怨意的信也不至于发给我了。——啊，我想起了，你是不懂英文的，这几句诗我顺便替你译出吧。

    “汝当衣锦归，
    否则永莫回，
    令汝别后之儿童
    望到拉德罗塔毁。”


摘自：《茑萝行》（原载一九二三年五月一日《创造季刊》第二卷第一号，据《达夫短篇小说集》上册）



[No.4] 鼓手霍奇- []Drummer Hodge

by Thomas Hardy

They throw in Drummer Hodge, to rest
  Uncoffined – just as found:
His landmark is a kopje-crest
  That breaks the veldt around;
And foreign constellations west
  Each night above his mound.

Young Hodge the Drummer never knew –
  Fresh from his Wessex home –
The meaning of the broad Karoo,
  The Bush, the dusty loam,
And why uprose to nightly view
  Strange stars amid the gloam.

Yet portion of that unknown plain
  Will Hodge forever be;
His homely Northern breast and brain
  Grow to some Southern tree,
And strange-eyed constellation reign
  His stars eternally.


 鼓手霍奇

 托玛斯·哈代

                         吕志鲁译

 鼓手霍奇被扔进坑里掩埋，
 正如找到时那样，没有棺材：
 他的坟地是南非的一座小山，
 把周围的平原稍稍撕开；
 这坟墓上空的每个夜晚，
 异国的星座在西边摆开。

 刚从威塞克斯老家来到这里，
 年轻的鼓手霍奇弄不明白，
 灌木丛丛，沃土扬尘，
 广阔干旱的高原意义何在？
 昏暗的黑夜茫茫一片，
 闪烁的星座好生奇怪。

 正是这无名平原的一角，
 霍奇将要长眠，永不离开；
 他将长成一棵南方的大树，
 带着北方质朴的头脑、胸怀，
 任凭星星闪烁陌生的眼睛，
 把他的命运永远主宰。



[No.5] 不言的渴望- [] Leaves of Grass

289. The Untold Want

By Walt Whitman (1819–1892)

THE untold want, by life and land ne’er granted,
Now, Voyager, sail thou forth, to seek and find.

  开始时很惊讶他们在如此一部100分钟的电影里容纳了这么多，没有冗赘的废话或镜头，每一分钟都让我有感想。查了资料才知道原来是话剧改编的电影，这的确解释了很多。首先，个人以为话剧演员的台词功力比单纯的电影电视演员要高，没有太浓重的口音。另一个令人高兴的是表演并没有过多舞台痕迹，不会有那种表演过于用力的感觉，很自然。但就整个电影来说，没有体现电影这种形式的优势，好象就是用镜头带着你去看了遍话剧。镜头变化不多，拍人脸时就一直拍脸，比较固定。好处是能让人更好地欣赏演员的表演。
影片无论从什么角度看，主题、用色、背景……都写着两个大字——英国。影片主线是考牛津剑桥，副线是同性情感问题。
同死亡诗社不同，这里的学生不是需要叛逆的老师来带他们突破陈规陋习，而是需要一个老师帮他们通过大学考试，需要应试教育。这8个学生很努力，每次看到他们下课之后就冲到图书馆借书的情景我都挺感动的，被勤奋的态度感动了。老头主张为知识本身的乐趣而学习，新老师是告诉他们考官要什么。但与印象中的应试教育不同，新老师要求学生把所知道的一切都尽量表现出来，去努力思考发掘别人想不到的角度。而那些学生之所以能背很多诗歌片段，是靠老教师打下的基础。影片让人想到教育界和心理界上困扰很久并将继续困扰的问题：我们如何选拔人才？我们从靠出身靠种族靠血统到现在的靠考试，然后世界就是现在这副样子。无论你是培养学生背诵知识或学会创造还是提高素质（关于什么是素质，那是另一个话题），到最后总是要考试，有考试就有应试教育，这不是中国特色。面对考试的现实，空谈知识的乐趣真的没什么用。英国电影在某种时刻相当现实，但有的时候天真得可笑。
既然故事发生在文法男校，考虑到现在同性恋这么流行，不拿出来实在浪费素材。李银河的以同性恋和虐恋为主题的著作都举了英国男校的例子。我一直有一个想法，历史越久远的国家就越开放，比如欧洲比美国开放，更能接纳事物。毕竟，太阳底下没什么太新鲜的，很多现在不能接受的新想法，有着古老的根源。
Hector，和学生讨论哈代文字的美妙，在放学路上骚扰学生，衰老肥胖的同性恋，像所有知识分子一样悲观，喜欢动名词结构，就是这么一个存在。我相信的他教学很有用，因为天知道哪些东西会对你有用，所以学什么都一样。只是在考试前，他显得不合时宜。影片不没有关注于他的教学，只是很精彩地提了几笔，但他的私生活才是真正的噱头。每天放学都要顺路带学生，然后边骑摩托边性骚扰……在质疑他的人格之前，我想先肯定一下动作的难度。毕竟对一个超过200斤的人来说，一手扶车把一手向后伸不是一件容易的事。为什么他会这样做？他用“给予”来为自己辩护，听起来实在像变态连环强奸犯。这些人都是把犯罪看成自己在做好事。所以连他的同事都听不下去这种拙劣的辩解。但就学生而言，他们对他的骚扰是什么态度呢？答案是：并不特别厌恶。毕竟乡间小路上狂飚时的同性按摩，对17、8岁的男生来说是很刺激的体验，我猜。而且很明显，有的不能理解这件事的学生，他不去碰。也还算有起码的道德吧。这是不是同性的方便之处？试想如果是男老师骚扰女学生或女老师骚扰男学生？事情就大了吧。在这方面，学生对他的评价是：一个笑料。
Irwin，表层性格与真实自我有很大差异。作为一个教师，他犀利、激进、不择手段；作为一个人，他小心谨慎，不愿表露自我。他可能是Homo也可能BI，没有明确表示，但他不太在乎，他接受对他有吸引力的人。作为教师的他博学而且很有魅力，人气高的花花公子也在努力取悦他，努力到连字迹都和他相似。他开始时就喜欢Darkin，但只是像老师喜欢有趣的学生，直到对方用二战的开始这种来向他暗示和表白，相当不一般的方式。但他显然明白了那暗示，而且他的表现说明他喜欢他，一个人对另一个人的喜欢。最后Darkin来和他挑明时，他却假装羞怯，非要让人逼到眼前才答应。我想，是因为他有太多秘密要保守，所以要塑造另一个自我。据说话剧里这个角色更狡猾，和Hector老师的冲突更激烈，不像电影里这么讨人喜欢。
Darkin，在学校里男女通吃，一边和校长秘书鬼混一边企图引诱老师，混乱，迷惑，只能用青春期来解释了。虽然他是主角，但我现在还挖不出太多，可能是因为他太典型。
小犹太，绝望地喜欢着Darkin，自卑，敏感，但有勇气。他冲着Darkin唱歌的样子像天使。演员完美地展现了他多方面的性格特点。
基督徒，从我的审美来看，挺帅的。他有趣的地方在于，作为一个虔诚的宗教人士，他和一个犹太同性恋最要好，对大屠杀集中营更敏感。他可以接受坐在Hector的后座，我猜是因为他的信仰要求他不能自慰，所以他就另找出路了……他特别八卦大概也是因为这个。
Totti老师，影片有台词的两个女性之一。据说在这部话剧在美国上演时，她凭这个角色拿到了TONY奖。这真让我想看话剧，在影片里她表现的地方太少了，虽然很有力量但还是太少。
其他学生在电影里没什么表现，因为时间的原因，删减了很多。我相信原作应该很有趣，有打扮很嬉皮的，有大胖子，有运动特长生，黑人与穆斯林也不应该像电影里这样只是作为多元性的符号存在。
真希望能看到话剧，毕竟这些人不可能一直演下去，不是什么年龄都能演高中生的。